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1 file changed, 95 insertions
advanced_user_class_example.py(Datei erstellt)
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| 1 | + | import datetime | |
| 2 | + | ||
| 3 | + | class LoggingMixin: | |
| 4 | + | """ 提供日誌功能的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 5 | + | ||
| 6 | + | def log(self, message): | |
| 7 | + | """ 簡單的日誌紀錄方法 """ | |
| 8 | + | timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") | |
| 9 | + | print(f"[{timestamp}] {self.__class__.__name__}: {message}") | |
| 10 | + | ||
| 11 | + | class TimestampMixin: | |
| 12 | + | """ 提供時間標記功能的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 13 | + | ||
| 14 | + | def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): | |
| 15 | + | """ 設定物件的建立與更新時間 """ | |
| 16 | + | self.created_at = datetime.datetime.now() | |
| 17 | + | self.updated_at = self.created_at | |
| 18 | + | super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) | |
| 19 | + | ||
| 20 | + | def update_timestamp(self): | |
| 21 | + | """ 更新 updated_at 時間 """ | |
| 22 | + | self.updated_at = datetime.datetime.now() | |
| 23 | + | self.log(f"更新時間標記: {self.updated_at}") | |
| 24 | + | ||
| 25 | + | class DatabaseMixin: | |
| 26 | + | """ 模擬資料儲存功能的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 27 | + | _database = {} # 簡單模擬資料庫 | |
| 28 | + | ||
| 29 | + | def save(self): | |
| 30 | + | """ 將物件儲存至模擬資料庫 """ | |
| 31 | + | DatabaseMixin._database[self.name] = self | |
| 32 | + | self.log(f"資料已儲存: {self.name}") | |
| 33 | + | ||
| 34 | + | @classmethod | |
| 35 | + | def get(cls, name): | |
| 36 | + | """ 從資料庫中獲取物件 """ | |
| 37 | + | return cls._database.get(name, None) | |
| 38 | + | ||
| 39 | + | class PermissionMixin: | |
| 40 | + | """ 提供權限管理的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 41 | + | ||
| 42 | + | def __init__(self, permissions=None, *args, **kwargs): | |
| 43 | + | """ 初始化權限 """ | |
| 44 | + | self.permissions = permissions if permissions else [] | |
| 45 | + | super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) | |
| 46 | + | ||
| 47 | + | def has_permission(self, perm): | |
| 48 | + | """ 檢查是否擁有指定權限 """ | |
| 49 | + | return perm in self.permissions | |
| 50 | + | ||
| 51 | + | def grant_permission(self, perm): | |
| 52 | + | """ 賦予權限 """ | |
| 53 | + | if perm not in self.permissions: | |
| 54 | + | self.permissions.append(perm) | |
| 55 | + | self.log(f"已新增權限: {perm}") | |
| 56 | + | ||
| 57 | + | def revoke_permission(self, perm): | |
| 58 | + | """ 移除權限 """ | |
| 59 | + | if perm in self.permissions: | |
| 60 | + | self.permissions.remove(perm) | |
| 61 | + | self.log(f"已移除權限: {perm}") | |
| 62 | + | ||
| 63 | + | class User(LoggingMixin, TimestampMixin, DatabaseMixin, PermissionMixin): | |
| 64 | + | """ 進階 User 類別，擁有日誌、時間標記、資料儲存、權限管理功能 """ | |
| 65 | + | ||
| 66 | + | def __init__(self, name, permissions=None): | |
| 67 | + | super().__init__(permissions=permissions) | |
| 68 | + | self.name = name | |
| 69 | + | self.log(f"User '{self.name}' 已建立，建立時間: {self.created_at}") | |
| 70 | + | ||
| 71 | + | def update_name(self, new_name): | |
| 72 | + | self.log(f"名稱從 '{self.name}' 變更為 '{new_name}'") | |
| 73 | + | self.name = new_name | |
| 74 | + | self.update_timestamp() | |
| 75 | + | ||
| 76 | + | # 測試範例 | |
| 77 | + | if __name__ == "__main__": | |
| 78 | + | # 建立使用者 Alice，並設定權限 | |
| 79 | + | user1 = User("Alice", permissions=["read", "write"]) | |
| 80 | + | user1.save() # 儲存到模擬資料庫 | |
| 81 | + | ||
| 82 | + | # 更新名稱 | |
| 83 | + | user1.update_name("Alice_Wonderland") | |
| 84 | + | ||
| 85 | + | # 檢查權限 | |
| 86 | + | print(f"Alice 是否有 'read' 權限？{user1.has_permission('read')}") | |
| 87 | + | print(f"Alice 是否有 'delete' 權限？{user1.has_permission('delete')}") | |
| 88 | + | ||
| 89 | + | # 賦予新權限 | |
| 90 | + | user1.grant_permission("delete") | |
| 91 | + | ||
| 92 | + | # 從資料庫取得使用者 | |
| 93 | + | retrieved_user = User.get("Alice_Wonderland") | |
| 94 | + | if retrieved_user: | |
| 95 | + | print(f"從資料庫取得使用者: {retrieved_user.name}") | |
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