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1 file changed, 141 insertions
user_class_with_mixins.py(archivo creado)
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| 1 | + | import datetime | |
| 2 | + | import json | |
| 3 | + | import traceback | |
| 4 | + | ||
| 5 | + | class LoggingMixin: | |
| 6 | + | """ 提供日誌功能的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 7 | + | ||
| 8 | + | def log(self, message): | |
| 9 | + | """ 記錄日誌 """ | |
| 10 | + | timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") | |
| 11 | + | print(f"[{timestamp}] {self.__class__.__name__}: {message}") | |
| 12 | + | ||
| 13 | + | class TimestampMixin: | |
| 14 | + | """ 提供時間標記功能的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 15 | + | ||
| 16 | + | def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): | |
| 17 | + | """ 設定物件的建立與更新時間 """ | |
| 18 | + | self.created_at = datetime.datetime.now() | |
| 19 | + | self.updated_at = self.created_at | |
| 20 | + | super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) | |
| 21 | + | ||
| 22 | + | def update_timestamp(self): | |
| 23 | + | """ 更新 updated_at 時間 """ | |
| 24 | + | self.updated_at = datetime.datetime.now() | |
| 25 | + | self.log(f"更新時間標記: {self.updated_at}") | |
| 26 | + | ||
| 27 | + | class DatabaseMixin: | |
| 28 | + | """ 模擬資料儲存功能的 Mixin 類別，支援 JSON 序列化 """ | |
| 29 | + | _database = {} | |
| 30 | + | ||
| 31 | + | def save(self): | |
| 32 | + | """ 儲存物件至模擬資料庫 """ | |
| 33 | + | DatabaseMixin._database[self.name] = json.dumps(self.__dict__, default=str) | |
| 34 | + | self.log(f"資料已儲存: {self.name}") | |
| 35 | + | ||
| 36 | + | @classmethod | |
| 37 | + | def get(cls, name): | |
| 38 | + | """ 從資料庫中獲取物件 """ | |
| 39 | + | data = cls._database.get(name, None) | |
| 40 | + | if data: | |
| 41 | + | return json.loads(data) | |
| 42 | + | return None | |
| 43 | + | ||
| 44 | + | class PermissionMixin: | |
| 45 | + | """ 提供權限管理的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 46 | + | ||
| 47 | + | def __init__(self, permissions=None, *args, **kwargs): | |
| 48 | + | """ 初始化權限 """ | |
| 49 | + | self.permissions = permissions if permissions else [] | |
| 50 | + | super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) | |
| 51 | + | ||
| 52 | + | def has_permission(self, perm): | |
| 53 | + | """ 檢查是否擁有指定權限 """ | |
| 54 | + | return perm in self.permissions | |
| 55 | + | ||
| 56 | + | def grant_permission(self, perm): | |
| 57 | + | """ 賦予權限 """ | |
| 58 | + | if perm not in self.permissions: | |
| 59 | + | self.permissions.append(perm) | |
| 60 | + | self.log(f"已新增權限: {perm}") | |
| 61 | + | ||
| 62 | + | def revoke_permission(self, perm): | |
| 63 | + | """ 移除權限 """ | |
| 64 | + | if perm in self.permissions: | |
| 65 | + | self.permissions.remove(perm) | |
| 66 | + | self.log(f"已移除權限: {perm}") | |
| 67 | + | ||
| 68 | + | class EventMixin: | |
| 69 | + | """ 提供事件監聽功能的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 70 | + | _events = {} | |
| 71 | + | ||
| 72 | + | @classmethod | |
| 73 | + | def on(cls, event_name, callback): | |
| 74 | + | """ 訂閱事件 """ | |
| 75 | + | if event_name not in cls._events: | |
| 76 | + | cls._events[event_name] = [] | |
| 77 | + | cls._events[event_name].append(callback) | |
| 78 | + | ||
| 79 | + | @classmethod | |
| 80 | + | def trigger(cls, event_name, *args, **kwargs): | |
| 81 | + | """ 觸發事件 """ | |
| 82 | + | if event_name in cls._events: | |
| 83 | + | for callback in cls._events[event_name]: | |
| 84 | + | callback(*args, **kwargs) | |
| 85 | + | ||
| 86 | + | class ExceptionHandlingMixin: | |
| 87 | + | """ 提供異常處理的 Mixin 類別 """ | |
| 88 | + | ||
| 89 | + | def handle_exception(self, func, *args, **kwargs): | |
| 90 | + | """ 包裝方法，捕獲異常並記錄 """ | |
| 91 | + | try: | |
| 92 | + | return func(*args, **kwargs) | |
| 93 | + | except Exception as e: | |
| 94 | + | self.log(f"發生異常: {e}") | |
| 95 | + | traceback.print_exc() | |
| 96 | + | ||
| 97 | + | class User(LoggingMixin, TimestampMixin, DatabaseMixin, PermissionMixin, EventMixin, ExceptionHandlingMixin): | |
| 98 | + | """ User 類別，擁有日誌、時間標記、資料儲存、權限管理、事件監聽、異常處理功能 """ | |
| 99 | + | ||
| 100 | + | def __init__(self, name, permissions=None): | |
| 101 | + | super().__init__(permissions=permissions) | |
| 102 | + | self.name = name | |
| 103 | + | self.log(f"User '{self.name}' 已建立，建立時間: {self.created_at}") | |
| 104 | + | ||
| 105 | + | def update_name(self, new_name): | |
| 106 | + | """ 更新使用者名稱，並觸發事件 """ | |
| 107 | + | self.log(f"名稱從 '{self.name}' 變更為 '{new_name}'") | |
| 108 | + | old_name = self.name | |
| 109 | + | self.name = new_name | |
| 110 | + | self.update_timestamp() | |
| 111 | + | self.trigger("user_updated", old_name, new_name) | |
| 112 | + | ||
| 113 | + | # 測試範例 | |
| 114 | + | if __name__ == "__main__": | |
| 115 | + | # 訂閱使用者更新事件 | |
| 116 | + | def on_user_updated(old_name, new_name): | |
| 117 | + | print(f"🔔 使用者名稱變更通知: {old_name} → {new_name}") | |
| 118 | + | ||
| 119 | + | User.on("user_updated", on_user_updated) | |
| 120 | + | ||
| 121 | + | # 建立使用者 Alice，並設定權限 | |
| 122 | + | user1 = User("Alice", permissions=["read", "write"]) | |
| 123 | + | user1.save() # 儲存到模擬資料庫 | |
| 124 | + | ||
| 125 | + | # 更新名稱 | |
| 126 | + | user1.update_name("Alice_Wonderland") | |
| 127 | + | ||
| 128 | + | # 檢查權限 | |
| 129 | + | print(f"Alice 是否有 'read' 權限？{user1.has_permission('read')}") | |
| 130 | + | print(f"Alice 是否有 'delete' 權限？{user1.has_permission('delete')}") | |
| 131 | + | ||
| 132 | + | # 賦予新權限 | |
| 133 | + | user1.grant_permission("delete") | |
| 134 | + | ||
| 135 | + | # 從資料庫取得使用者 | |
| 136 | + | retrieved_user = User.get("Alice_Wonderland") | |
| 137 | + | if retrieved_user: | |
| 138 | + | print(f"從資料庫取得使用者: {retrieved_user}") | |
| 139 | + | ||
| 140 | + | # 測試異常處理 | |
| 141 | + | user1.handle_exception(lambda: 1 / 0) # 觸發除零錯誤 | |
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