user_class_with_mixins.py
· 4.6 KiB · Python
Surowy
import datetime
import json
import traceback
class LoggingMixin:
""" 提供日誌功能的 Mixin 類別 """
def log(self, message):
""" 記錄日誌 """
timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(f"[{timestamp}] {self.__class__.__name__}: {message}")
class TimestampMixin:
""" 提供時間標記功能的 Mixin 類別 """
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
""" 設定物件的建立與更新時間 """
self.created_at = datetime.datetime.now()
self.updated_at = self.created_at
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def update_timestamp(self):
""" 更新 updated_at 時間 """
self.updated_at = datetime.datetime.now()
self.log(f"更新時間標記: {self.updated_at}")
class DatabaseMixin:
""" 模擬資料儲存功能的 Mixin 類別，支援 JSON 序列化 """
_database = {}
def save(self):
""" 儲存物件至模擬資料庫 """
DatabaseMixin._database[self.name] = json.dumps(self.__dict__, default=str)
self.log(f"資料已儲存: {self.name}")
@classmethod
def get(cls, name):
""" 從資料庫中獲取物件 """
data = cls._database.get(name, None)
if data:
return json.loads(data)
return None
class PermissionMixin:
""" 提供權限管理的 Mixin 類別 """
def __init__(self, permissions=None, *args, **kwargs):
""" 初始化權限 """
self.permissions = permissions if permissions else []
super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
def has_permission(self, perm):
""" 檢查是否擁有指定權限 """
return perm in self.permissions
def grant_permission(self, perm):
""" 賦予權限 """
if perm not in self.permissions:
self.permissions.append(perm)
self.log(f"已新增權限: {perm}")
def revoke_permission(self, perm):
""" 移除權限 """
if perm in self.permissions:
self.permissions.remove(perm)
self.log(f"已移除權限: {perm}")
class EventMixin:
""" 提供事件監聽功能的 Mixin 類別 """
_events = {}
@classmethod
def on(cls, event_name, callback):
""" 訂閱事件 """
if event_name not in cls._events:
cls._events[event_name] = []
cls._events[event_name].append(callback)
@classmethod
def trigger(cls, event_name, *args, **kwargs):
""" 觸發事件 """
if event_name in cls._events:
for callback in cls._events[event_name]:
callback(*args, **kwargs)
class ExceptionHandlingMixin:
""" 提供異常處理的 Mixin 類別 """
def handle_exception(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
""" 包裝方法，捕獲異常並記錄 """
try:
return func(*args, **kwargs)
except Exception as e:
self.log(f"發生異常: {e}")
traceback.print_exc()
class User(LoggingMixin, TimestampMixin, DatabaseMixin, PermissionMixin, EventMixin, ExceptionHandlingMixin):
""" User 類別，擁有日誌、時間標記、資料儲存、權限管理、事件監聽、異常處理功能 """
def __init__(self, name, permissions=None):
super().__init__(permissions=permissions)
self.name = name
self.log(f"User '{self.name}' 已建立，建立時間: {self.created_at}")
def update_name(self, new_name):
""" 更新使用者名稱，並觸發事件 """
self.log(f"名稱從 '{self.name}' 變更為 '{new_name}'")
old_name = self.name
self.name = new_name
self.update_timestamp()
self.trigger("user_updated", old_name, new_name)
# 測試範例
if __name__ == "__main__":
# 訂閱使用者更新事件
def on_user_updated(old_name, new_name):
print(f"🔔 使用者名稱變更通知: {old_name} → {new_name}")
User.on("user_updated", on_user_updated)
# 建立使用者 Alice，並設定權限
user1 = User("Alice", permissions=["read", "write"])
user1.save() # 儲存到模擬資料庫
# 更新名稱
user1.update_name("Alice_Wonderland")
# 檢查權限
print(f"Alice 是否有 'read' 權限？{user1.has_permission('read')}")
print(f"Alice 是否有 'delete' 權限？{user1.has_permission('delete')}")
# 賦予新權限
user1.grant_permission("delete")
# 從資料庫取得使用者
retrieved_user = User.get("Alice_Wonderland")
if retrieved_user:
print(f"從資料庫取得使用者: {retrieved_user}")
# 測試異常處理
user1.handle_exception(lambda: 1 / 0) # 觸發除零錯誤
| 1 | import datetime |
| 2 | import json |
| 3 | import traceback |
| 4 | |
| 5 | class LoggingMixin: |
| 6 | """ 提供日誌功能的 Mixin 類別 """ |
| 7 | |
| 8 | def log(self, message): |
| 9 | """ 記錄日誌 """ |
| 10 | timestamp = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") |
| 11 | print(f"[{timestamp}] {self.__class__.__name__}: {message}") |
| 12 | |
| 13 | class TimestampMixin: |
| 14 | """ 提供時間標記功能的 Mixin 類別 """ |
| 15 | |
| 16 | def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs): |
| 17 | """ 設定物件的建立與更新時間 """ |
| 18 | self.created_at = datetime.datetime.now() |
| 19 | self.updated_at = self.created_at |
| 20 | super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) |
| 21 | |
| 22 | def update_timestamp(self): |
| 23 | """ 更新 updated_at 時間 """ |
| 24 | self.updated_at = datetime.datetime.now() |
| 25 | self.log(f"更新時間標記: {self.updated_at}") |
| 26 | |
| 27 | class DatabaseMixin: |
| 28 | """ 模擬資料儲存功能的 Mixin 類別，支援 JSON 序列化 """ |
| 29 | _database = {} |
| 30 | |
| 31 | def save(self): |
| 32 | """ 儲存物件至模擬資料庫 """ |
| 33 | DatabaseMixin._database[self.name] = json.dumps(self.__dict__, default=str) |
| 34 | self.log(f"資料已儲存: {self.name}") |
| 35 | |
| 36 | @classmethod |
| 37 | def get(cls, name): |
| 38 | """ 從資料庫中獲取物件 """ |
| 39 | data = cls._database.get(name, None) |
| 40 | if data: |
| 41 | return json.loads(data) |
| 42 | return None |
| 43 | |
| 44 | class PermissionMixin: |
| 45 | """ 提供權限管理的 Mixin 類別 """ |
| 46 | |
| 47 | def __init__(self, permissions=None, *args, **kwargs): |
| 48 | """ 初始化權限 """ |
| 49 | self.permissions = permissions if permissions else [] |
| 50 | super().__init__(*args, **kwargs) |
| 51 | |
| 52 | def has_permission(self, perm): |
| 53 | """ 檢查是否擁有指定權限 """ |
| 54 | return perm in self.permissions |
| 55 | |
| 56 | def grant_permission(self, perm): |
| 57 | """ 賦予權限 """ |
| 58 | if perm not in self.permissions: |
| 59 | self.permissions.append(perm) |
| 60 | self.log(f"已新增權限: {perm}") |
| 61 | |
| 62 | def revoke_permission(self, perm): |
| 63 | """ 移除權限 """ |
| 64 | if perm in self.permissions: |
| 65 | self.permissions.remove(perm) |
| 66 | self.log(f"已移除權限: {perm}") |
| 67 | |
| 68 | class EventMixin: |
| 69 | """ 提供事件監聽功能的 Mixin 類別 """ |
| 70 | _events = {} |
| 71 | |
| 72 | @classmethod |
| 73 | def on(cls, event_name, callback): |
| 74 | """ 訂閱事件 """ |
| 75 | if event_name not in cls._events: |
| 76 | cls._events[event_name] = [] |
| 77 | cls._events[event_name].append(callback) |
| 78 | |
| 79 | @classmethod |
| 80 | def trigger(cls, event_name, *args, **kwargs): |
| 81 | """ 觸發事件 """ |
| 82 | if event_name in cls._events: |
| 83 | for callback in cls._events[event_name]: |
| 84 | callback(*args, **kwargs) |
| 85 | |
| 86 | class ExceptionHandlingMixin: |
| 87 | """ 提供異常處理的 Mixin 類別 """ |
| 88 | |
| 89 | def handle_exception(self, func, *args, **kwargs): |
| 90 | """ 包裝方法，捕獲異常並記錄 """ |
| 91 | try: |
| 92 | return func(*args, **kwargs) |
| 93 | except Exception as e: |
| 94 | self.log(f"發生異常: {e}") |
| 95 | traceback.print_exc() |
| 96 | |
| 97 | class User(LoggingMixin, TimestampMixin, DatabaseMixin, PermissionMixin, EventMixin, ExceptionHandlingMixin): |
| 98 | """ User 類別，擁有日誌、時間標記、資料儲存、權限管理、事件監聽、異常處理功能 """ |
| 99 | |
| 100 | def __init__(self, name, permissions=None): |
| 101 | super().__init__(permissions=permissions) |
| 102 | self.name = name |
| 103 | self.log(f"User '{self.name}' 已建立，建立時間: {self.created_at}") |
| 104 | |
| 105 | def update_name(self, new_name): |
| 106 | """ 更新使用者名稱，並觸發事件 """ |
| 107 | self.log(f"名稱從 '{self.name}' 變更為 '{new_name}'") |
| 108 | old_name = self.name |
| 109 | self.name = new_name |
| 110 | self.update_timestamp() |
| 111 | self.trigger("user_updated", old_name, new_name) |
| 112 | |
| 113 | # 測試範例 |
| 114 | if __name__ == "__main__": |
| 115 | # 訂閱使用者更新事件 |
| 116 | def on_user_updated(old_name, new_name): |
| 117 | print(f"🔔 使用者名稱變更通知: {old_name} → {new_name}") |
| 118 | |
| 119 | User.on("user_updated", on_user_updated) |
| 120 | |
| 121 | # 建立使用者 Alice，並設定權限 |
| 122 | user1 = User("Alice", permissions=["read", "write"]) |
| 123 | user1.save() # 儲存到模擬資料庫 |
| 124 | |
| 125 | # 更新名稱 |
| 126 | user1.update_name("Alice_Wonderland") |
| 127 | |
| 128 | # 檢查權限 |
| 129 | print(f"Alice 是否有 'read' 權限？{user1.has_permission('read')}") |
| 130 | print(f"Alice 是否有 'delete' 權限？{user1.has_permission('delete')}") |
| 131 | |
| 132 | # 賦予新權限 |
| 133 | user1.grant_permission("delete") |
| 134 | |
| 135 | # 從資料庫取得使用者 |
| 136 | retrieved_user = User.get("Alice_Wonderland") |
| 137 | if retrieved_user: |
| 138 | print(f"從資料庫取得使用者: {retrieved_user}") |
| 139 | |
| 140 | # 測試異常處理 |
| 141 | user1.handle_exception(lambda: 1 / 0) # 觸發除零錯誤 |
| 142 |